Evaluate the current streght of evidence for a complimentory therapy Essay

Evaluate the current streght of evidence for a complimentory therapy (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENs for post operative pain management in chi - Essay Example As a result, use of complementary, non-pharmacological therapies for management of pain appears to be an effective and safe option (Zollman & Vickers, 1999). Complimentary therapy has been defined by the Zollman  and Vickers (1999, p.693) as â€Å"group of therapeutic and diagnostic disciplines which exist outside the institutions where conventional health care is taught and provided.† Some of practices of complimentary medicine like chiropractic medicine, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), acupuncture etc are increasingly being accepted and used clinically by mainstream medical practitioners (Zollman & Vickers, 1999). Complimentary therapy is now increasingly becoming an important aspect of the health care system in the U.K. a small machine, called the TENS unit is used to transmit electrical currents through the skin to stimulate the underlying nerve endings at or near the area where pain occurs (Hicks, 2006). The electric impulses which are generated by the TENS device are delivered to the area of pain through the sticky pad electrodes, which are placed on the skin in the painful area. Electrical impulses which stimulate the nerve endings at or near the site of pain help in diminishing the pain. intensity and frequency of electric current used by TENS machine, it can be sub-classified into two sub-types: low-intensity (1–2 mA) and high-frequency (50–100 Hz) TENS or high-intensity (15–20 mA) and low-frequency (1–5 Hz) TENS (White et al, 2001).The mechanism of action of TENS is thought to involve both spinal (gate-control theory) and supraspinal theories (release of endogenous opioid like substances). High-frequency and low-intensity TENS is thought to control pain through ‘Melzack and Wall’s theory of spinal gating’ (Erdogan et al, 2005). According to this theory activation of large myelinated afferent nerve

No Topic Required Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Topic Required - Assignment Example ly, it shows that Jack Levine may have learnt to make use of several skills such as cubism in accord to both the atmosphere, and the various images that have been noted in his painting. Although, the location of the painting is not very clear, there is a representation of both men and women in the society posing in anticipation of a certain event. One wonders whether the painter may have intended to communicate anything through this painting or was it a way of indicating how art can be useful (Bender 13). What is striking about the painting is how each element that has been noted is so distinct yet it is almost the same colour that was used to make a painting. This is noted from the background, which displays a housing structure, the individuals themselves and their clothing and lastly the dogs. The strokes of the painting display different edges and the colours schemes are distinctly applied to show a clear linkage between the various structures of the body. For example, the arms and the faces of the individual clearly show they are black people. Also notably, the painting shows the mood. The dogs are barking and held by the various individuals. This act of barking in itself portrays agitation, an excitement that is not clear. The faces of the individuals on the painting are also expressionless and looking to the same direction, which probably reaffirms why the dogs could be under some excitement. The surrealism in Birmingham 63 not only does denote how different individuals are at a specific time of the day, but also it brings out some element of surprise all which sums up to our initial thought of the intention of the painter in the first place. Clearly, the painting only shows one side of the coin, which are people going about their daily activities and an events halts them to look in the direction they are currently looking. The kind of dressing by these individuals notes the possibility that they may go about their daily activities (Bender 15). Bender